Though altering books is no longer shocking, the act still heightens our associations and knowledge of the book as a personal, cultural, and physical object. It's reshaping information as a plastic medium. The books I use as raw material are library discards, thrift store finds, or throw-always rendered obsolete by time (the content is out of date) and/or space (the information is more easily accessible by computer). They are still vessels which represent the collection of knowledge, reordered in forms that explore the typology of printed information, from encyclopedia to pornography.